Systems And Methods Of Recommending A Data Rate In A Wireless Communications System

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and a wireless device in a wireless communications system are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device ( 105, 200, 300, 400, 1100 ) for recommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel ( 107, 109 ) between the wireless device and a network node ( 101 ) in a wireless communications system ( 100 ) comprises determining ( 501, 1701 ) to request ( 113 ) that the network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device. Further, the method includes generating a first information element ( 111 ) that indicates the request. Also, the first information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communications,and in particular to recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system.

BACKGROUND

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol fordelivering audio and video packets over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.RTP is commonly used in communication and entertainment systems thatinvolve streaming media. Further, RTP is one of the technicalfoundations of Voice over IP (VoIP) and in this context is oftencommonly used in conjunction with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)to establish connections across an IP network. In operation, an RTPsession is established for each multimedia stream (e.g., audio, video)and consists of an IP address with a pair of ports. Also, RTP is used inconjunction with the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) to provide quality ofservice (QoS) feedback for each media stream and to synchronize betweenmedia streams. As such, while RTP carries the media streams, RTCP isused to monitor transmission statistics and QoS, and to support thesynchronization of multiple streams.

RTCP can transport statistics for each multimedia stream and informationsuch as transmitted octet and packet counts, packet loss, packet delayvariation, and round-trip delay time. An application may use thisinformation to control QoS parameters such as to limit the data flow orto use a different multimedia coder/decoder (codec). For instance, RTCPcan provide explicit information on the recommended data rate forstreaming video using an RTCP Temporary Maximum Media Stream Bit RateRequest (TMMBR) message, such as described by Internet Engineering TaskForce (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 5104 (IETF RFC 5104) (February2008).

Furthermore, in conventional networks that use Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) (TCP/IP), these networks typicallycontrol packet congestion by dropping packets. However, ExplicitCongestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to TCP/IP that allowsend-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets,as described by RFC 3168 (September 2001). Further, ECN is an optionalfeature that may be used between ECN-enabled endpoints when supported bythe underlying network infrastructure. When ECN is successfullynegotiated, an ECN-aware sending node may set a mark in the IP headerinstead of dropping a packet in order to signal impending congestion.The ECN-aware receiving node can echo the congestion indication to thesending node, which then reduces its transmission rate as if it detecteda dropped packet. As such, ECN-enabled endpoints can send thisindication to implicitly indicate a recommended data rate of amultimedia stream.

However, there are currently no mechanisms to explicitly conveyinformation related to the recommended bit rate from a sending node to areceiving node in the communication system, or for a receiving node torequest a recommended bit rate from a sending node in a communicationsystem.

Accordingly, there is a need for improved techniques for recommending adata rate and for requesting a recommended data rate in a communicationssystem. In addition, other desirable features and characteristics of thepresent disclosure will become apparent from the subsequent detaileddescription and embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures and the foregoing technical field and background.

The Background section of this document is provided to place embodimentsof the present disclosure in technological and operational context, toassist those of skill in the art in understanding their scope andutility. Unless explicitly identified as such, no statement herein isadmitted to be prior art merely by its inclusion in the Backgroundsection.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in orderto provide a basic understanding to those of skill in the art. Thissummary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and is notintended to identify key/critical elements of embodiments of thedisclosure or to delineate the scope of the disclosure. The sole purposeof this summary is to present some concepts disclosed herein in asimplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that ispresented later.

According to one aspect, a method performed by a wireless device forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the wireless device and a network node in a wirelesscommunications system comprises determining to request that the networknode recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel for the wireless device. Further, the method includes generatinga first information element that indicates the request. The firstinformation element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel.

According to another aspect, the first information element may be amedium access control (MAC) control element (CE), a packet dataconvergence protocol (PDCP) control protocol data unit (PDU), or a radiolink control (RLC) PDU.

According to another aspect, the first information element may be aradio resource control (RRC) element.

According to another aspect, the second information element may be a MACCE, a PDCP control PDU, or an RLC PDU.

According to another aspect, the second information element may be anRRC element.

According to one aspect, a wireless device for recommending a data rateon an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wirelessdevice and a network node in a wireless communications system isconfigured to determine to request that the network node recommend adata rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel for thewireless device. Further, the wireless device is configured to generatea first information element that indicates the request, wherein thefirst information element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel.

According to one aspect, a method performed by a wireless device forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the wireless device and a network node in a wirelesscommunications system comprises receiving, from the network node, asecond information element that indicates a recommended data rate forthe wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Thesecond information element is received via a protocol layer on thedownlink communication channel.

According to one aspect, a wireless device for recommending a data rateon an uplink or downlink communication channel between the wirelessdevice and a network node in a wireless communications system isconfigured to receive, from the network node, a first informationelement that indicates a recommended data rate for the wireless deviceon the uplink or downlink communication channel. The first informationelement is received via a protocol layer on the downlink communicationchannel.

According to one aspect, a method performed by a network node forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the network node and a wireless device in a wirelesscommunications system comprises determining a recommended data rate forthe wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel.Further, the method includes generating a second information elementthat indicates the recommended data rate. The second information elementis sent to the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication channel.

According to one aspect, a network node for recommending a data rate onan uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node anda wireless device in a wireless communications system is configured todetermine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplinkor downlink communication channel. Further, the network node isconfigured to generate a second information element that indicates therecommended data rate. The second information element is sent via aprotocol layer on the downlink communication channel to the wirelessdevice.

According to one aspect, a method performed by a network node forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the network node and a wireless device in a wirelesscommunications system comprises receiving, from the wireless device, afirst information element that indicates a request for a recommendeddata rate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel. The first information element is sent via the protocol layer onthe uplink communication channel.

According to one aspect, a network node for recommending a data rate onan uplink or downlink communication channel between the network node anda wireless device in a wireless communications system is configured toreceive, from the wireless device, a first information element thatindicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless deviceon the uplink or downlink communication channel. The first informationelement is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of thedisclosure are shown. However, this disclosure should not be construedas limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, theseembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to thoseskilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system for recommending a datarate in a wireless communications system in accordance with variousaspects as described herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a wireless device for recommendinga data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance withvarious aspects as described herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein.

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a method performed by a wirelessdevice for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications systemin accordance with various aspects as described herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a method performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein.

FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of a network node for recommending adata rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with variousaspects as described herein.

FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of a network node for recommendinga data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance withvarious aspects as described herein.

FIG. 9 illustrates another embodiment of a network node for recommendinga data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance withvarious aspects as described herein.

FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of a method performed by a networknode for recommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device inaccordance with various aspects as described herein.

FIG. 12 provides an example of a MAC PDU sub-header for a fixed-sizedMAC CE.

FIG. 13 provides an example of a PDCP control PDU for ROHC feedback.

FIG. 14 describes use cases for rate adaptation in accordance withvarious aspects as described herein.

FIG. 15 provides an example of recommended evaluation assumptions forVoLTE quality related enhancements in accordance with various aspects asdescribed herein.

FIG. 16 provides another example of recommended evaluation assumptionsfor VoLTE quality related enhancements in accordance with variousaspects as described herein.

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of a method performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of a method performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein.

FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of a method performed by anetwork node for recommending a data rate in a wireless communicationssystem in accordance with various aspects as described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the present disclosure isdescribed by referring mainly to an exemplary embodiment thereof. In thefollowing description, numerous specific details are set forth in orderto provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However,it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that thepresent disclosure may be practiced without limitation to these specificdetails. In this description, well known methods and structures have notbeen described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the presentdisclosure.

This disclosure describes, among other things, techniques for a networknode (e.g., eNB) to send a data rate recommendation to a wireless device(e.g., UE). Further, this disclosure describes techniques for a wirelessdevice to query a network node on a recommended data rate or whether adesired or proposed data rate may be adequately supported by theunderlying transport capacity of the uplink or downlink communicationchannel. Advantages provided by the techniques described herein includereducing the response time and increasing the accuracy of adapting tothe recommended data rate on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel, as well as reducing the amount of call control signaling.

Various techniques are described herein for the network node providingthe wireless device with a data rate recommendation on the uplink ordownlink communication channel and for the wireless device requestingthat the network node provide the recommended data rate. For example,FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a system 100 for recommending adata rate in a wireless communications system in accordance with variousaspects as described herein. In FIG. 1, a wireless device 105 (e.g., UE)transmits a first information element (IE) 111 to a network node 101(e.g., base station) via a protocol layer on an uplink communicationlink 107. The first IE 111 includes a request 113 that the network node101 recommends a data rate on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel 107, 109. Further, the request 113 may be associated with one ormore applications executed by the wireless device 105. Also, the networknode 101 may serve the wireless device 105 in a coverage area 103.

In another embodiment, the wireless device 105 receives a second IE 115from the network node 101 via the protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication link 109. The second IE 115 includes a data raterecommendation 117 for the wireless device 105 on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel 107, 109. Based on the data rate recommendation117, the wireless device 105 may adapt a data rate on the uplinkcommunication channel 107 or may transmit a media adaptation request toanother device (e.g., wireless device, network node, media server, orthe like) for adapting a data rate on the downlink communication channel109.

In yet another embodiment, the network node 101 transmits the second IE115 having the data rate recommendation 117 to the wireless device 105on the downlink communication channel 109.

In yet another embodiment, the network node 101 receives the first IE111 having the request 113 from the wireless device 105 on the uplinkcommunication channel 107. In response to the request 113, the networknode 101 transmits the second IE 115 having the data rate recommendation117 to the wireless device 105 on the downlink communication channel109.

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent a userplane layer or any portion thereof such as the medium access control(MAC) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, or theradio link control (RLC) layer. For instance, in Long Term Evolution(LTE), the radio protocol architecture between the eNB and the UE can beseparated into a control plane and a user plane. The user plane includesthe MAC layer, the PDCP layer, and the RLC layer. The control planeincludes additionally the radio resource control (RRC) layer, which isresponsible for configuring the lower layers.

On the MAC layer, control information may be sent between two nodes on acommunication link using a MAC Control Element (CE). As shown in FIG.12, a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) sub-header for a fixed-sized MACcontrol element (CE) may consist of four header fields: Reserved (R),Reserved (R), Extension bit indicating if additional fields are present(E), and Logical Channel ID indicating the identity of the MAC CE(LCID). These four fields are also referred to as R/R/E/LCID. Tables 1and 2 below show values used for 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) DownLink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) andUpLink Shared Channel (UL-SCH).

TABLE 1 MAC Control Elements for DL-SCH Index LCID values Size01011-11010 Reserved for future needs N/A 11011 Activation/Deactivation1 11100 UE Contention Resolution Identity 6 11101 Timing Advance Command1 11110 DRX Command 0

TABLE 2 MAC Control Elements for UL-SCH Index LCID values Size01011-11000 Reserved for future needs N/A 11001 Extended Power HeadroomReport Variable 11010 Power Headroom Report 1 11011 C-RNTI 2 11100Truncated BSR 1 11101 Short BSR 1 11110 Long BSR 3

The MAC CE itself is coded in the payload part of the MAC PDU. Differentsizes are used depending on the details of the particular control. Inthe simplest case, the size is 0 and the function is already fullydetermined by the sub-header. The size of a MAC CE can also be variable.

For the PDCP, control information may be sent between two nodes (e.g.,between a network node and a wireless device) in a communication linkusing a PDCP control PDU. Currently, PDCP Control PDU is used to conveya PDCP status report indicating which PDCP Service Data Units (SDUs) aremissing and which are not following a PDCP re-establishment, and headercompression control information (e.g., interspersed RObust HeaderCompression (ROHC) feedback).

With reference to the example of the PDCP control PDU for ROHC feedbackin FIG. 13, the PDCP control PDU is identified via the Data or Control(D/C) bit set to one and the PDU type bit field. Table 3 below showsvalues used for 3GPP control PDUs.

TABLE 3 PDCP control PDU types Bit Description 000 PDCP status report001 Interspersed ROHC feedback packet 010 LWA status report 011-111Reserved

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent acontrol plane layer such as a MAC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer oran RRC layer.

Additionally or alternatively, the protocol layer may represent the datalink layer (i.e., layer 2 of the seven-layer Open SystemsInterconnection (OSI) model) or any portion thereof such as the MAClayer. The data link layer is responsible for transferring data betweennodes (e.g., between a network node and a wireless device). The MAClayer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer. As such, the MAClayer provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms thatmake it possible for wireless devices and network nodes to communicatewithin an access network that incorporates a shared medium (e.g., acommunication link).

Additionally or alternatively, the network node 101 may be configured tosupport a wireless communication system (e.g., NR, LTE, LTE-NR, 5G,UMTS, GSM, or the like). Further, the network node 101 may be a basestation (e.g., eNB), an access point, a wireless router, or the like.The network node 101 may serve wireless devices such as wireless device105. The wireless device 105 may be configured to support a wirelesscommunication system (e.g., NR, LTE, LTE-NR, 5G, UMTS, GSM, or thelike). The wireless device 105 may be a user equipment (UE), a mobilestation (MS), a terminal, a cellular phone, a cellular handset, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a wireless phone, anorganizer, a handheld computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, atablet computer, a set-top box, a television, an appliance, a gamedevice, a medical device, a display device, a metering device, or thelike.

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a wireless device 200 forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG. 2, thewireless device 200 may include a receiver circuit 201, an informationelement (IE) extractor circuit 207, a recommended data ratedetermination circuit 203, a request recommended data rate determinationcircuit 205, an IE generation circuit, a transmitter circuit 211, thelike, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the receivercircuit 201 is configured to receive a second information element via aprotocol layer on a downlink communication channel from a network node.The information element may include data rate information for the uplinkor downlink communication channel. Further, the IE extractor circuit 207may be configured to obtain the recommended data rate from the secondinformation element. Accordingly, the IE extractor circuit 207 may beconfigured to extract a second index that indicates the recommended datarate from the second information element. The second index may be anindex to a table of data rates (e.g., FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. Further, the IE extractor circuit 207may be configured to determine the recommended data rate based on thesecond index.

In another embodiment, the request recommended data rate determinationcircuit 205 is configured to determine to request that the network noderecommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channelfor the wireless device. Further, the recommended data ratedetermination circuit 203 is configured to generate a first informationelement that indicates the request that the network node recommend adata rate. The first information element is sent via a protocol layer onthe uplink communication channel. In addition, the recommended data ratedetermination circuit 203 may be configured to determine a desired datarate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel. The information element extractor circuit 207 may be configuredto determine a first index that indicates the desired data rate. Thefirst index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g., FIGS. 15-16)on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, theinformation element extractor circuit 207 may be configured to insertthe first index into the first information element. Finally, thetransmitter circuit 211 may be configured to transmit the firstinformation element via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG. 3, thewireless device 300 (e.g., UE) may include processing circuit(s) 301,radio frequency (RF) communications circuit(s) 305, antenna(s) 307, thelike, or any combination thereof. The communication circuit(s) 305 maybe configured to transmit or receive information to or from one or morenetwork nodes via any communication technology. This communication mayoccur using the one or more antennas 307 that are either internal orexternal to the wireless device 300. The processing circuit(s) 301 maybe configured to perform processing as described herein (e.g., themethod of FIGS. 5, 6, 14, and 17-18) such as by executing programinstructions stored in memory 303. The processing circuit(s) 301 in thisregard may implement certain functional means, units, or modules.

In FIG. 3, the wireless device 300 may implement various functionalmeans, units, or modules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s) 301 or viasoftware). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., forimplementing the method of FIGS. 5, 6, 14, and 17-18) include a requestdata rate determining module or unit 313 for determining to request thata network node recommend a data rate on an uplink or downlinkcommunication channel for the wireless device. Further, these functionalmeans, units, or modules include an information element generatingmodule 315 for generating a first information element that indicates therequest. The first information element is sent via a protocol layer onthe uplink communication channel. Also, these functional means, units,or modules may include a data rate determining module or unit 311 fordetermining a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. The information element generatingmodule or unit 315 may be further configured for determining a firstindex that indicates the desired data rate, the first index being anindex to a table of data rates on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel, and inserting the first index into the first informationelement. In addition, these functional means, units, or modules includea transmitter module or unit 319 for transmitting the first informationelement via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In FIG. 3, in another embodiment, these functional means, units, ormodules include a receiving module or unit 321 for receiving, from anetwork node, a second information element that indicates a recommendeddata rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. The second information element is received via aprotocol layer on the downlink communication channel. Further, thesefunctional means, units, or modules may include an information elementextracting module or unit 317 for obtaining the recommended data ratefrom the second information element. Accordingly, the informationelement extracting module or unit 317 may be configured for extracting asecond index that indicates the recommended data rate from the secondinformation element. The second index may be an index to a table of datarates (e.g., FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel. In addition, the data rate determining module may be furtherconfigured for determining the recommended data rate based on the secondindex.

FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device 400 forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG. 4, thewireless device 400 may implement various functional means, units, ormodules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s) 301 of FIG. 3 or viasoftware). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., forimplementing the method of FIGS. 5, 6, 14, and 17-18) include a datarate determining module or unit 401 for determining a desired data rateon the uplink or downlink communication channel based on a recommendeddata rate for the corresponding communication channel obtained from asecond information element received from the network node via a protocollayer on the downlink communication channel. Further, these functionalmeans, units, or modules include an information element generatingmodule or unit 405 for generating an information element that indicatesthe desired data rate. The first information element having the desireddata rate is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel to the network node. Also, the desired data rate is used by thenetwork node to adjust the recommended data rate for the correspondingcommunication channel. These functional means, units, or modules mayinclude a transmitting module or unit 409 for transmitting the firstinformation element having the desired data rate to the network node viathe protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. In addition,these functional means, units, or modules may include a request datarate determining module or unit for determining to request that thenetwork node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. Also, these functional means, units, or modulesmay include a receiving module or unit 411 for receiving, from a networknode, a second information element that indicates the recommended datarate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel.

FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a method 500 performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein. In FIG. 5, the method 500 includes determining to request that anetwork node recommend a data rate on an uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. At block 503, the method 500 includes generatinga first information element that indicates the request. Further, thefirst information element may be sent via a protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel to the network node. At block 505, the method mayinclude transmitting, to the network node, the first information elementhaving the request via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a method 600 performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein. In FIG. 6, the method 600 includes determining a desired datarate on an uplink or downlink communication channel based on arecommended data rate for the corresponding communication channelobtained from a second information element received from a network nodevia a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel. At block603, the method 600 includes generating a first information element thatindicates the desired data rate. Further, the information element issent to the network node via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel. Also, the desired data rate is used by thenetwork node to adjust the recommended data rate for the correspondingcommunication channel. At block 605, the method 600 may includetransmitting the first information element having the desired data rateto the network node via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of a network node 700 for recommendinga data rate in a wireless communications system in accordance withvarious aspects as described herein. In FIG. 7, the network node 700 maybe configured to include a receiver circuit 701, an information elementextractor circuit 703, a recommended data rate determination circuit705, a data rate adjustment circuit 707, an information elementgeneration circuit 709, a transmitter circuit 711, the like, or anycombination thereof. The receiver circuit 701 may be configured toreceive, from a wireless device, a first information element thatindicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless deviceon an uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, the firstinformation element may be sent via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel. The information element extractor circuit 703 maybe configured to extract the request from the first information element.Further, the recommended data rate determination circuit 705 isconfigured to determine a recommended data rate for the wireless deviceon the uplink or downlink communication channel. The data rateadjustment circuit 707 may be configured to adjust the recommended datarate based on a desired data rate that is received in a firstinformation element from the wireless device.

FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of a network node 800 forrecommending a data rate in a wireless communications system inaccordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG. 8, thewireless device 800 (e.g., UE) may include processing circuit(s) 801,radio frequency (RF) communications circuit(s) 805, antenna(s) 807, thelike, or any combination thereof. The communication circuit(s) 805 maybe configured to transmit or receive information to or from one or morenetwork nodes or one or more wireless devices via any communicationtechnology. This communication may occur using the one or more antennas807 that are either internal or external to the wireless device 800. Theprocessing circuit(s) 801 may be configured to perform processing asdescribed herein (e.g., the method of FIGS. 10, 14, and 19) such as byexecuting program instructions stored in memory 803. The processingcircuit(s) 801 in this regard may implement certain functional means,units, or modules.

In FIG. 8, the network node 800 may implement various functional means,units, or modules (e.g., via the processing circuit(s) 801 or viasoftware). These functional means, units, or modules (e.g., forimplementing the method of FIGS. 10, 14, and 19) include a data ratedetermining module or unit 811 for determining a recommended data ratefor a wireless device on an uplink or downlink communication channel.Further, these functional means, units, or modules include aninformation element generating module or unit 813 for generating asecond information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Thesecond information element having the recommended data rate is sent tothe wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlink communicationchannel. Also, these functional means, units, or modules may include atransmitting module or unit 819 for transmitting, to the wirelessdevice, the information element having the recommended data rate via theprotocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, these functional means, units, or modules mayinclude a receiving module or unit 821 for receiving, from the wirelessdevice, a first information element that indicates a request for therecommended data rate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. The first information element may be sent via theprotocol layer on the uplink communication channel. In addition, thesefunctional means, units, or modules may include an information elementextracting module or unit 817 for extracting the request from the firstinformation element. Finally, these functional means, units, or modulesmay include a data rate adjusting module or unit 815 for adjusting therecommended data rate based on a desired data rate that is received inthe first information element from the wireless device. FIG. 9illustrates another embodiment of a network node for recommending a datarate in a wireless communications system in accordance with variousaspects as described herein. In another embodiment, these functionalmeans, units, or modules includes a receiving module or unit 911 forreceiving, from a wireless device, a first information element thatindicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wireless deviceon an uplink or downlink communication channel. The first informationelement is sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel. Further, these functional means, units, or modules may includean information element extracting module or unit 907 for obtaining therequest for the recommended data rate from the first informationelement. Accordingly, the information element extracting module or unit907 may be configured for extracting a first index from the firstinformation element and for determining the desired data rate from thefirst index. Further, the first index may indicate a desired data ratefor the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel.Also, the first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Thesefunctional means, units, or modules may include a data rate determiningmodule or unit 901 for determining the recommended data rate, which maybe based on the desired data rate. Further, these functional means,units, or modules includes may include a data rate adjusting module orunit 905 for determining the recommended data rate based on the desireddata rate. These functional means, units, or modules may include aninformation element generating module or unit 903 for generating asecond information element that indicates the recommended data rate. Thesecond information element having the recommended data rate may be sentto the wireless device via a protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication channel. These functional means, units, or modules mayinclude a transmitting module or unit 909 for transmitting, to thewireless device, the second information element having the recommendeddata rate via the protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of a method 1000 performed by anetwork node for adapting a MIMO receiver to perform a MIMO receivertest in accordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG. 10,the method 1000 may include receiving, from the wireless device, a firstinformation element that indicates a request for the recommended datarate by the wireless device on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel. Further, the first information element may be sent via theprotocol layer on the uplink communication channel. At block 1003, themethod 1000 may include extracting the request from the firstinformation element. At block 1005, the method 1000 includes determininga recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. At block 1007, the method 1000 includesgenerating a second information element that indicates the recommendeddata rate. Further, the second information element having therecommended data rate is sent to the wireless device via a protocollayer on the downlink communication channel. At block 1009, the methodmay include transmitting, to the wireless device, the second informationelement having the recommended data rate via the protocol layer on thedownlink communication channel.

FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of a wireless device 1100 inaccordance with various aspects as described herein. In some instances,the wireless device 1100 may be referred as a network node, a basestation (BS), an access point (AP), a user equipment (UE), a mobilestation (MS), a terminal, a cellular phone, a cellular handset, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a wireless phone, anorganizer, a handheld computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, atablet computer, a set-top box, a television, an appliance, a gamedevice, a medical device, a display device, a metering device, or someother like terminology. In other instances, the wireless device 1100 maybe a set of hardware components. In FIG. 11, the wireless device 1100may be configured to include a processor 1101 that is operativelycoupled to an input/output interface 1105, a radio frequency (RF)interface 1109, a network connection interface 1111, a memory 1115including a random access memory (RAM) 1117, a read only memory (ROM)1119, a storage medium 1121 or the like, a communication subsystem 1151,a power source 1133, another component, or any combination thereof. Thestorage medium 1121 may include an operating system 1123, an applicationprogram 1125, data 1127, or the like. Specific devices may utilize allof the components shown in FIG. 11, or only a subset of the components,and levels of integration may vary from device to device. Further,specific devices may contain multiple instances of a component, such asmultiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers,etc. For instance, a computing device may be configured to include aprocessor and a memory.

In FIG. 11, the processor 1101 may be configured to process computerinstructions and data. The processor 1101 may be configured as anysequential state machine operative to execute machine instructionsstored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as oneor more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic,FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriatefirmware; one or more stored-program, general-purpose processors, suchas a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together withappropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, theprocessor 1101 may include two computer processors. In one definition,data is information in a form suitable for use by a computer. It isimportant to note that a person having ordinary skill in the art willrecognize that the subject matter of this disclosure may be implementedusing various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

In the current embodiment, the input/output interface 1105 may beconfigured to provide a communication interface to an input device,output device, or input and output device. The wireless device 1100 maybe configured to use an output device via the input/output interface1105. A person of ordinary skill will recognize that an output devicemay use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example,a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from the wirelessdevice 1100. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a videocard, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, asmartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. Thewireless device 1100 may be configured to use an input device via theinput/output interface 1105 to allow a user to capture information intothe wireless device 1100. The input device may include a mouse, atrackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a presence-sensitive inputdevice, a display such as a presence-sensitive display, a scroll wheel,a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, a microphone, asensor, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive input devicemay include a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, amicrophone, a sensor, or the like to sense input from a user. Thepresence-sensitive input device may be combined with the display to forma presence-sensitive display. Further, the presence-sensitive inputdevice may be coupled to the processor. The sensor may be, for instance,an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, amagnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another likesensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may bean accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and anoptical sensor.

In FIG. 11, the RF interface 1109 may be configured to provide acommunication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, areceiver, and an antenna. The network connection interface 1111 may beconfigured to provide a communication interface to a network 1143 a. Thenetwork 1143 a may encompass wired and wireless communication networkssuch as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), acomputer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network,another like network or any combination thereof. For example, thenetwork 1143 a may be a Wi-Fi network. The network connection interface1111 may be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interfaceused to communicate with one or more other nodes over a communicationnetwork according to one or more communication protocols known in theart or that may be developed, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, orthe like. The network connection interface 1111 may implement receiverand transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication networklinks (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter andreceiver functions may share circuit components, software or firmware,or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In this embodiment, the RAM 1117 may be configured to interface via thebus 1102 to the processor 1101 to provide storage or caching of data orcomputer instructions during the execution of software programs such asthe operating system, application programs, and device drivers. In oneexample, the wireless device 1100 may include at least one hundred andtwenty-eight megabytes (128 Mbytes) of RAM. The ROM 1119 may beconfigured to provide computer instructions or data to the processor1101. For example, the ROM 1119 may be configured to be invariantlow-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basicinput and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from akeyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. The storage medium1121 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmableread-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magneticdisks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges,flash drives. In one example, the storage medium 1121 may be configuredto include an operating system 1123, an application program 1125 such asa web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or anotherapplication, and a data file 1127.

In FIG. 11, the processor 1101 may be configured to communicate with anetwork 1143 b using the communication subsystem 1151. The network 1143a and the network 1143 b may be the same network or networks ordifferent network or networks. The communication subsystem 1151 may beconfigured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate withthe network 1143 b. The one or more transceivers may be used tocommunicate with one or more remote transceivers of another wirelessdevice such as a base station of a radio access network (RAN) accordingto one or more communication protocols known in the art or that may bedeveloped, such as IEEE 802.xx, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, orthe like.

In another example, the communication subsystem 1151 may be configuredto include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or moreremote transceivers of another wireless device such as user equipmentaccording to one or more communication protocols known in the art orthat may be developed, such as IEEE 802.xx, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE,UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver may include a transmitter1153 or a receiver 1155 to implement transmitter or receiverfunctionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g.,frequency allocations and the like). Further, the transmitter 1153 andthe receiver 1155 of each transceiver may share circuit components,software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In the current embodiment, the communication functions of thecommunication subsystem 1151 may include data communication, voicecommunication, multimedia communication, short-range communications suchas Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communicationsuch as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine alocation, another like communication function, or any combinationthereof. For example, the communication subsystem 1151 may includecellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication,and GPS communication. The network 1143 b may encompass wired andwireless communication networks such as a local-area network (LAN), awide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, atelecommunications network, another like network or any combinationthereof. For example, the network 1143 b may be a cellular network, aWi-Fi network, and a near-field network. The power source 1113 may beconfigured to provide an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC)power to components of the wireless device 1100.

In FIG. 11, the storage medium 1121 may be configured to include anumber of physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independentdisks (RAID), a floppy disk drive, a flash memory, a USB flash drive, anexternal hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, ahigh-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, aninternal hard disk drive, a Blu-Ray optical disc drive, a holographicdigital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, an external mini-dualin-line memory module (DIMM) synchronous dynamic random access memory(SDRAM), an external micro-DIMM SDRAM, a smartcard memory such as asubscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM)module, other memory, or any combination thereof. The storage medium1121 may allow the wireless device 1100 to access computer-executableinstructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory ornon-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. Anarticle of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system maybe tangibly embodied in storage medium 1121, which may comprise acomputer-readable medium.

The functionality of the methods described herein may be implemented inone of the components of the wireless device 1100 or partitioned acrossmultiple components of the wireless device 1100. Further, thefunctionality of the methods described herein may be implemented in anycombination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, thecommunication subsystem 1151 may be configured to include any of thecomponents described herein. Further, the processor 1101 may beconfigured to communicate with any of such components over the bus 1102.In another example, any of such components may be represented by programinstructions stored in memory that when executed by the processor 1101performs the corresponding functions described herein. In anotherexample, the functionality of any of such components may be partitionedbetween the processor 1101 and the communication subsystem 1151. Inanother example, the non-computative-intensive functions of any of suchcomponents may be implemented in software or firmware and thecomputative-intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

This disclosure introduces a mechanism for the network node (eNB) tosend rate recommendation to the terminal (UE) and also a mechanism forthe UE to query the eNB on a recommended bit rate, or query if aproposed bit rate may be adequately supported by the underlyingtransport capacity. Further, embodiments described herein may reduce theresponse time and increase the accuracy of adapting to the optimal bitrate on the transmission link of the rate adaptation of a clientcompared to solutions in the core network (CN) (e.g., ExplicitCongestion Notification (ECN) or application layers such as rateadaptation commands). Embodiments described herein may also limit theamount of call control signaling, reducing the risk of control signalinginterfering with the media traffic.

In FIG. 14, three exemplary use cases for the eNB providing the UE withinformation on the recommended application bit rate are described. FIG.14 is presented as a half call and it is described that the informationon the recommended application bit rate is exchanged by the UE and theeNB for the local link. The end-to-end usage of this information isproposed to be handled via the regular call-control signaling (e.g.,Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol(SDP)) or rate adaptation commands (Codec Mode Request (CMR) for voiceand Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) Temporary Maximum MediaStream Bitrate Request (TMMBR) for video).

The embodiments described herein may be applicable to both the mobileoriginating and mobile terminating side. In the following cases, thelegacy SIP/SDP/Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) signaling proceduresmay be followed. Further, the information exchange may be optimizedbased on the Radio Access Network (RAN) assistance, leading to animproved end-user service.

In the first use case of FIG. 14, after the initial Radio ResourceControl (RRC) connection establishment procedure, the informationobtained from a UE initiated information exchange on the recommendedapplication bit rate may be used by the UE to tailor its outgoing SDPoffer/answer. With this, the amount of SIP signaling may be reduced incase the radio link may not support the requested transport capacity.

In the second use case of FIG. 14, once the call has been established,the eNB may send information on the recommended application bit rate inorder for the UE to either directly adapt its media rate on the up-linkor initiate a rate adaptation command (e.g., CMR and RTCP TMMBR) to itspeer for adapting the down-link rate.

In the third use case of FIG. 14, during an on-going call, the UE mayinitiate an information exchange on the recommended application bit ratefor optimizing the SIP signaling such as an end-user request to addvideo to the call. If the recommended application bit rate is notsufficient to support a video stream, the SIP add media procedure maynot be initiated rather than being terminated on that the eNB rejectsthe establishment of a video bearer. Similar to the information exchangeat call setup, this will reduce the SIP signaling and may, particularlyin poor radio conditions, reduce the risk of the SIP signalingnegatively affecting the speech quality or other service performanceindicators.

For the rate recommendation from the eNB to the UE, fields indicatingthe logical channel identity (e.g., 4 bits), the uplink or downlinkdirection (e.g., 1 bit), and an index to a table of transport bandwidths(e.g, 7-11 bits) may be used. These exemplary bit field lengths mayresult in a total of twelve to sixteen bits (12-16 bits) but any lengthof the bit fields may be considered. The rate recommendation may also begiven an explicit number, and not as an index to a table. The bit fieldfor the link may also be extended to cover the case where the rateinformation is applicable for both the uplink and the downlinkdirections. This may remove the need for sending the information elementexplicitly for each uplink or downlink link.

In one embodiment, the information contained in a MAC CE transmittedfrom the eNB to the UE may be described by Table 4. This information mayalso include a table with, for instance, one hundred and twenty-eight(128) elements including four reserved bits for possible extensions(e.g., extending the table).

TABLE 4 Example of MAC CE for eNB to UE bit rate information.0    1    2   3    4 5 6  7  Logical Channel Identity UL/DL Table Index Table index continued  R R R R

If the information is sent via a PDCP control PDU, the logical channelidentity field may not be needed since the PDCP layer is unique to alogical channel. The corresponding bits from Table 4 may thus bereserved, or the information may be formatted as in Table 5 below withno reserved bits.

TABLE 5 Example of PDCP control PDU for eNB to UE bit rate information. 0    1    2    3    4    5   6   7 UL/DL Table index

For the UE to initiate an information exchange on the currentlyrecommended application bit rate, an element consisting of fieldsindicating the desired packet treatment (e.g., 8 bits) such as latencyand averaging used for computing the bit rate, the uplink or downlinkdirection (e.g., 1 bit), and an index to a table with tabulated valuesof the desired application bit rate (e.g., 7 bits). Also, the bit ratemay also be an explicit number instead of an index to a table.

If the information is sent via a MAC CE, the logical channel identitymay be included in order to link the information request to a specificservice (e.g., Voice over LTE (VoLTE) service such as described by GSMAPRD IR.92), which uses a dedicated radio bearer for the IP MultimediaSubsystem Access Point Name (IMS APN), which is separate from the mobilebroadband APN. The VoLTE media and video if GSMA PRD IR.94 services areused may then transmit on dedicated bearers on the same IMS APN.

An example of a MAC CE for the query from the UE to the eNB is given byTable 6 below.

TABLE 6 Example of MAC CE for UE query to eNB on the recommended bitrate. 0    1    2   3    4 5 6  7   Desired packet treatment  LogicalChannel Identity UL/DL Table Index  Table index continued  R R R R

An example of a PDCP control PDU for the query from the UE to the eNB isgiven by Table 7.

TABLE 7 Example of a PDCP control PDU for UE query to eNB on therecommended bit rate.  0    1    2    3    4    5   6   7 Desired packettreatment  UL/DL Table index

In another embodiment, the UE may send a query that contains only thefollowing: logical channel identity (no need in case it is a PDCPcontrol PDU), UL/DL and a flag indicating the query.

TABLE 8 Example of MAC CE for UE query to eNB using query indication. 0    1    2    3    4    5   6   7 Desired packet treatment LogicalChannel Identity   UL/DL  Query  R R indication

In another embodiment, a PDCP control PDU for the query from the UE tothe eNB using query indication is given by Table 9 below.

TABLE 9 Example of a PDCP control PDU for UE query to eNB using queryindication.  0 1    2    3   4   5   6     7   Desired packet treatmentUL/DL Query R R R R R indication

The response from the eNB to the UE can use the same format as for therate recommendation from eNB to the UE as described above, with thereserved value ‘0000’ for the field of the logical channel identity ifusing a MAC CE. Again, if the information is sent via a PDCP controlPDU, then the field for the logical channel identity may be omitted.Possibly the eNB may respond with a bit rate either equivalent to, lessthan, or greater than the bit rate included in the query from the UE.Also, the eNB may send a response with reject for the query for arecommended bit rate.

If tabulated values of the bit rate are used, the bit rates may belogarithmically spaced including the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR), AMRWideBand (AMRWB), or Enhanced Voice Service (EVS) codec bit rates at thelow end of the scale. It is further proposed to reserve index ‘0’ for 0kbps and the index ‘1’ for indicating ‘release of previous bit raterecommendation’. An index may also be included to indicate ‘no bit raterecommendation is available’, this may also be used for rejecting aquery from a UE on a recommended bit rate. An example of a table withbit rates and other information is given by FIG. 15. In FIG. 15, thefirst index (i.e., 1=1) is used for indicating that the previous bitrate recommendation is no longer valid and no new bit raterecommendation is given. Further, the second index (i.e., 1=2) is usedto indicate that no bit rate recommendation is available or that thequery from the UE on a recommended bit rate was rejected.

In another embodiment, a wireless device (e.g., UE) may send a query toa network node using an Information Element (IE) on either the MAC orPDCP layer on the recommended bit rate to use for its application

In another embodiment, a wireless device may adapt its sending media bitor sends an outgoing media adaptation request to its peer for reducingits sending rate based on the rate information obtained on an IE on theMAC or PDCP layer

In another embodiment, a network node may send an IE containing bit raterecommendation to a terminal on either the MAC or PDCP layer

In another embodiment, a network node may respond to a query from aterminal on the recommended bit rate used for either the uplink ordownlink to the terminal.

In another embodiment, enhancements that improve the VoLTE or videoquality are provided. Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) 7.2 kbpscoder/decoder (codec) may be used as the baseline speech codec forevaluation, including evaluating the effects of handling up to fourspeech frames in one transmission. Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM) Association (GSMA) Permanent Reference Document(PRD) IR.92 specifies that the UE and the entities in the InternetProtocol (IP) Multimedia System (IMS) core network that terminate theuser plane must request to receive one speech frame encapsulated in eachRTP packet. However, in order to evaluate possible coverage enhancementbenefits, one option is to consider that RAN aggregates up to four RTPpackets with one speech frame encapsulated in one RTP packet and thatthe application encapsulates up to four packets in one RTP packet.Further, full ROHC header compression may be assumed with Buffer StatusReport (BSR) and Power Headroom Report (PHR) in each transmission. Theresulting required transport block size, including PDCP, Radio LinkControl (RLC), and MAC headers for the different packet bundlingstrategies, is presented in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 illustrates sending LS toRANI with recommended evaluation assumptions for VoLTE quality-relatedenhancements. In FIG. 16, RAN aggregation of RTP packets are eachcomposed of one speech frame. Further, application encapsulation ofspeech frames in one RTP packet requires updates to the VoLTE servicedescription.

FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of a method 1700 performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein. In FIG. 17, the method 1700 may start, for instance, at block1701, where it includes determining to request that a network noderecommend a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel forthe wireless device. At block 1703, the method includes generating afirst information element that indicates the request. Further, the firstinformation element is sent via a protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel. At block 1705, the method 1700 may includedetermining a desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. At block 1707, the method 1700 mayinclude determining a first index that indicates the desired data rate.Also, the first index may be an index to a table of data rates (e.g.,FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink or downlink communication channel. At block1709, the method 1700 may include inserting the first index into thefirst information element. At block 1711, the method 1700 may includetransmitting the first information element having the request via theprotocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of a method 1800 performed by awireless device for recommending a data rate in a wirelesscommunications system in accordance with various aspects as describedherein. In FIG. 18, the method 1800 may start, for instance, at block1801 where it includes receiving, from a network node, a secondinformation element that indicates a recommended data rate for thewireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel.Further, the second information element is received via a protocol layeron the downlink communication channel. At block 1803, the method 1800may include obtaining the recommended data rate from the secondinformation element. At block 1805, the method 1800 may includeextracting a second index that indicates the recommended data rate fromthe second information element. Also, the second index may be an indexto a table of data rates (e.g., FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. At block 1807, the method 1800 may includedetermining the recommended data rate based on the second index.

FIG. 19 illustrates another embodiment of a method 1900 performed by anetwork node for recommending a data rate in a wireless communicationssystem in accordance with various aspects as described herein. In FIG.19, the method 1900 may start, for instance, at block 1901 where itincludes receiving, from a wireless device, a first information elementthat indicates a request for a recommended data rate by the wirelessdevice on an uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, thefirst information element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel. At block 1903, the method 1900 may includeobtaining the request for the recommended data rate from the firstinformation element. At block 1905, the method 1900 may includeextracting a first index from the first information element. The firstindex may indicate a desired data rate for the wireless device on theuplink or downlink communication channel. Also, the first index may bean index to a table of data rates (e.g., FIGS. 15-16) on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. At block 1907, the method 1900 mayinclude determining the desired data rate based on the first index. Atblock 1909, the method 1900 may include determining the recommended datarate based on the desired data rate. At block 1911, the method 1900 mayinclude generating a second information element that indicates therecommended data rate. The second information element having therecommended data rate may be sent to the wireless device via a protocollayer on the downlink communication channel. At block 1913, the method1900 may include transmitting, to the wireless device, the secondinformation element having the recommended data rate via the protocollayer on the downlink communication channel

In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the wireless device and a network node in a wirelesscommunications system includes determining to request that the networknode recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communicationchannel for the wireless device. Further, the method includes generatingan information element that indicates the request. The informationelement is sent via a protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting theinformation element via the protocol layer on the uplink communicationchannel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system may include acontroller. The controller is configured to determine to request thatthe network node recommend a data rate on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel for the wireless device. The controller is alsoconfigured to generate an information element that indicates therequest. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may include a transmitter.The transmitter may be operationally coupled to the controller circuitand may be configured to transmit the information element via theprotocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system is configured todetermine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on theuplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device.Further, the wireless device is configured to generate an informationelement that indicates the request. The information element is sent viaa protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may be further configured totransmit the information element via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system comprises means fordetermining to request that the network node recommend a data rate onthe uplink or downlink communication channel for the wireless device.The wireless device also includes means for generating an informationelement that indicates the request. The information element is sent viaa protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may also include means fortransmitting the information element via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which,when executed by at least one controller circuit of a wireless device,causes the wireless device to determine to request that the network noderecommend a data rate on the uplink or downlink communication channelfor the wireless device. Further, the computer program causes thewireless device to generate an information element that indicates therequest. The information element is sent via a protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the computer program may cause the wirelessdevice to transmit the information element via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may beone of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computerreadable storage medium.

In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless device forrecommending a data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channelbetween the wireless device and a network node in a wirelesscommunications system comprises determining a recommended data rate onthe uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rateinformation for the associated communication channel obtained from aninformation element received via a protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication channel from the network node. The method may also includegenerating an information element that indicates the recommended datarate. The information element is sent via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel to the network node. Further, therecommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the datarate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting, to thenetwork node, the information element via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include receiving, from thenetwork node, the information element via the protocol layer on thedownlink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system comprises acontroller. The controller is configured to determine a recommended datarate on the uplink or downlink communication channel based on data rateinformation for the associated communication channel obtained from aninformation element received via a protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication channel from the network node. The controller is furtherconfigured to generate an information element that indicates therecommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocollayer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further,the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the datarate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may include a transmitter.The transmitter may be operationally coupled to the controller circuitand may be configured to transmit the information element via theprotocol layer on the uplink communication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system is configured todetermine a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel based on data rate information for the associatedcommunication channel obtained from an information element received viaa protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the networknode. Further, the wireless device is configured to generate aninformation element that indicates the recommended data rate. Theinformation element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended datarate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for theassociated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may be configured to transmitthe information element via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel.

In one embodiment, a wireless device for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the wireless device anda network node in a wireless communications system comprises means fordetermining a recommended data rate on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel based on data rate information for the associatedcommunication channel obtained from an information element received viaa protocol layer on the downlink communication channel from the networknode. The wireless device also comprises means for generating aninformation element that indicates the recommended data rate. Theinformation element is sent via the protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel to the network node. Further, the recommended datarate is used by the network node to adjust the data rate for theassociated communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may also comprise means fortransmitting the information element via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel.

In another embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which,when executed by at least one controller circuit of a wireless device,causes the wireless device to determine a recommended data rate on theuplink or downlink communication channel based on data rate informationfor the associated communication channel obtained from an informationelement received via a protocol layer on the downlink communicationchannel from the network node. Further, the computer program causes thewireless device to generate an information element that indicates therecommended data rate. The information element is sent via the protocollayer on the uplink communication channel to the network node. Further,the recommended data rate is used by the network node to adjust the datarate for the associated communication channel.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may beone of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computerreadable storage medium.

In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node for recommendinga data rate on an uplink or downlink communication channel between thenetwork node and a wireless device in a wireless communications systemincludes determining a recommended data rate for the wireless device onthe uplink or downlink communication channel. The method also includesgenerating a first information element that indicates the recommendeddata rate. The first information element is sent to the wireless devicevia a protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include transmitting, to thewireless device, the information element via the protocol layer on thedownlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the method may include receiving, from thewireless device, a second information element that indicates a requestfor the recommended data rate by the wireless device on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. The second information element may besent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel.Further, the method may include extracting the request from the secondinformation element. In addition, the step of determining therecommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel may be responsive to receiving the request.

In one embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and awireless device in a wireless communications system comprises acontroller circuit. The controller circuit is configured to determine arecommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel. The controller circuit is also configured togenerate a first information element that indicates the recommended datarate. Further, the first information element is sent via a protocollayer on the downlink communication channel to the wireless device.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise atransmitter. The transmitter may be operationally coupled to thecontroller circuit and may be configured to transmit, to the wirelessdevice, the first information element via the protocol layer on thedownlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise areceiver. The receiver may be operationally coupled to the controllercircuit and may be configured to receive, from the wireless device, asecond information element that indicates a request for the recommendeddata rate on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Further, thesecond information element may be sent via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel. The controller circuit may be furtherconfigured to extract the request from the second information element.In addition, the controller may be further configured to perform thestep of determining the recommended data rate for the wireless device onthe uplink or downlink communication channel responsive to receiving therequest.

In another embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and awireless device in a wireless communications system is configured todetermine a recommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplinkor downlink communication channel. The network node is furtherconfigured to generate a first information element that indicates therecommended data rate. Also, the first information element is sent via aprotocol layer on the downlink communication channel to the wirelessdevice.

In another embodiment, the network node may be further configured totransmit, to the wireless device, the first information element via theprotocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the network node may be further configured toreceive, from the wireless device, a second information element thatindicates a request for the recommended data rate on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. Also, the second information element maybe sent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Thenetwork node may be further configured to extract the request from thesecond information element. In addition, the network node may beconfigured to determine the recommended data rate for the wirelessdevice on the uplink or downlink communication channel response toreceiving the request.

In one embodiment, a network node for recommending a data rate on anuplink or downlink communication channel between the network node and awireless device in a wireless communications system, the network nodecomprises means for determining a recommended data rate on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. The wireless device further comprisesmeans for generating a first information element that indicates therecommended data rate, wherein the first information element is sent viaa protocol layer on the downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise meansfor transmitting the first information element via the protocol layer onthe downlink communication channel.

In another embodiment, the wireless device may further comprise meansfor receiving, from the wireless device, a second information elementthat indicates a request for the recommended data rate on the uplink ordownlink communication channel. The second information element may besent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel. Thewireless device may further comprise means for extracting the requestfrom the second information element. The wireless device may furthercomprise determining the recommended data rate on the uplink or downlinkcommunication channel responsive to receiving the request.

In one embodiment, a computer program comprising instructions which,when executed by at least one controller circuit of a network node,causes the network node to determine a recommended data rate for thewireless device on the uplink or downlink communication channel. Thecomputer program further causes the network node to generate a firstinformation element that indicates the recommended data rate. Also, thefirst information element is sent via a protocol layer on the downlinkcommunication channel to the wireless device.

In another embodiment, a carrier containing the computer program may beone of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computerreadable storage medium.

In another embodiment, the protocol layer may be the Medium AccessControl (MAC) layer or the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)layer.

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Explanation 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project BS BaseStation BSR Buffer Status Report CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CPCyclic Prefix CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRS Cell Specific ReferenceSignal CSI Channel State Information CSS Common Search Space DL DownlinkDFT Discrete Fourier Transform eNB Evolved Node B (i.e., base station)E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access E-UTRAN EvolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access Network EVS Enhanced Voice ServiceFDD Frequency Division Duplex GSMA Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM) Association IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform IEInformation Element IoT Internet of Things IMS IP Multimedia System IPInternet Protocol LTE Long Term Evolution MBSFN Multimedia BroadcastSingle Frequency Network MIB Master Information Block MIMO MultipleInput Multiple Output MSR Multi-Standard Radio MTC Machine-TypeCommunication NW Network OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division ModulationOFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation Access PA Power AmplifierPAPR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCHPhysical Data Control Channel PDCP Physical Layer Convergence ProcedurePDU Protocol Data Unit PHR Power Headroom Report PRACH Physical RandomAccess Channel PRS Positioning Reference Signal PRB Physical ResourceBlock PRD Permanent Reference Document PSD Power Spectral Density PSSPrimary Synchronization Sequence PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared ChannelRACH Random Access Channel RAN Radio Access Network RAT Radio AccessTechnology RF Radio Frequency RLC Radio Link Control RRC Radio ResourceControl RTP Real-time Transport Protocol SoC System-on-a-Chip SC-FDMASingle-Carrier, Frequency Division Multiple Access SFBC Space FrequencyBlock Coding SI System Information SIB System Information Block SIMSubscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module SNRSignal to Noise Ratio SRS Sounding Reference Signal SSS SecondarySynchronization Sequence TDD Time Division Duplex Tx Transmitter UE UserEquipment UL Uplink ULSCH UpLink Shared CHannel USS UE-specific SearchSpace UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service UTRAN UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network VoLTE Voice over LTE service WB-LTEWideband LTE (i.e., corresponds to legacy LTE) WCDMA Wideband CDMA ZCZadoff-Chu algorithm

The previous detailed description is merely illustrative in nature andis not intended to limit the present disclosure, or the application anduses of the present disclosure. Furthermore, there is no intention to bebound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the precedingfield of use, background, summary, or detailed description. The presentdisclosure provides various examples, embodiments and the like, whichmay be described herein in terms of functional or logical blockelements. The various aspects described herein are presented as methods,devices (or apparatus), systems, or articles of manufacture that mayinclude a number of components, elements, members, modules, nodes,peripherals, or the like. Further, these methods, devices, systems, orarticles of manufacture may include or not include additionalcomponents, elements, members, modules, nodes, peripherals, or the like.

Furthermore, the various aspects described herein may be implementedusing standard programming or engineering techniques to producesoftware, firmware, hardware (e.g., circuits), or any combinationthereof to control a computing device to implement the disclosed subjectmatter. It will be appreciated that some embodiments may be comprised ofone or more generic or specialized processors such as microprocessors,digital signal processors, customized processors and field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs) and unique stored program instructions (includingboth software and firmware) that control the one or more processors toimplement, in conjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some,most, or all of the functions of the methods, devices and systemsdescribed herein. Alternatively, some or all functions could beimplemented by a state machine that has no stored program instructions,or in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), inwhich each function or some combinations of certain of the functions areimplemented as custom logic circuits. Of course, a combination of thetwo approaches may be used. Further, it is expected that one of ordinaryskill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many designchoices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology,and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principlesdisclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such softwareinstructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation.

The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended toencompass a computer program accessible from any computing device,carrier, or media. For example, a computer-readable medium may include:a magnetic storage device such as a hard disk, a floppy disk or amagnetic strip; an optical disk such as a compact disk (CD) or digitalversatile disk (DVD); a smart card; and a flash memory device such as acard, stick or key drive. Additionally, it should be appreciated that acarrier wave may be employed to carry computer-readable electronic dataincluding those used in transmitting and receiving electronic data suchas electronic mail (e-mail) or in accessing a computer network such asthe Internet or a local area network (LAN). Of course, a person ofordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications may be madeto this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of thesubject matter of this disclosure.

Throughout the specification and the embodiments, the following termstake at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless thecontext clearly dictates otherwise. Relational terms such as “first” and“second,” and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity oraction from another entity or action without necessarily requiring orimplying any actual such relationship or order between such entities oractions. The term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” unlessspecified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to anexclusive form. Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended tomean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context tobe directed to a singular form. The term “include” and its various formsare intended to mean including but not limited to. References to “oneembodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” “variousembodiments,” and other like terms indicate that the embodiments of thedisclosed technology so described may include a particular function,feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodimentnecessarily includes the particular function, feature, structure, orcharacteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in one embodiment”does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. Theterms “substantially,” “essentially,” “approximately,” “about” or anyother version thereof, are defined as being close to as understood byone of ordinary skill in the art, and in one non-limiting embodiment theterm is defined to be within 10%, in another embodiment within 5%, inanother embodiment within 1% and in another embodiment within 0.5%. Adevice or structure that is “configured” in a certain way is configuredin at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are notlisted.

1-38. (canceled)
 39. A method, performed by a wireless device, forrecommending a data rate on an uplink communication channel between thewireless device and a network node in a wireless communications system,the method comprising: determining to request that the network noderecommend a data rate on the uplink communication channel for thewireless device; generating a first information element that indicatesthe request, wherein the first information element includes a firstindex that indicates a desired data rate, wherein the first index is anindex to a table of data rates on the uplink communication channel;transmitting the first information element that indicates the requestvia a protocol layer on the uplink communication channel; receiving, inresponse to the transmitting the first information element and from thenetwork node, a second information element that indicates therecommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplinkcommunication channel, the second information element being received viathe protocol layer on a downlink communication channel; extracting asecond index that indicates the recommended data rate from the secondinformation element, wherein the second index is an index to the tableof data rates on the uplink communication channel; and determining therecommended data rate based on the second index.
 40. The method of claim39, further comprising determining the desired data rate for thewireless device on the uplink communication channel.
 41. The method ofclaim 40, wherein the generating includes: determining the first indexthat indicates the desired data rate; and inserting the first index intothe first information element.
 42. The method of claim 39, wherein thefirst information element is a medium access control (MAC) controlelement (CE).
 43. The method of claim 39, wherein the first informationelement includes an indication of an identity of a logical channel forwhich the recommended data rate applies.
 44. The method of claim 39,wherein the second information element is a medium access control (MAC)control element (CE).
 45. The method of claim 39, wherein the secondinformation element includes an indication of an identity of a logicalchannel for which the recommended data rate applies.
 46. The method ofclaim 39, wherein one index in the table indicates a release of aprevious data rate recommendation on the uplink communication channelfor the wireless device.
 47. The method of claim 39, wherein one indexin the table indicates that no data rate recommendation on the uplink ordownlink communication channel for the wireless device is available. 48.The method of claim 39, wherein a plurality of consecutive indices inthe table represents logarithmically-spaced data rates.
 49. The methodof claim 39, wherein the protocol layer is a medium access control (MAC)layer.
 50. A wireless device for recommending a data rate on an uplinkcommunication channel between the wireless device and a network node ina wireless communications system, the wireless device comprising:processing circuitry; memory containing instructions executable by theprocessing circuitry whereby the wireless device is operative to:determine to request that the network node recommend a data rate on theuplink communication channel for the wireless device; generate a firstinformation element that indicates the request, wherein the firstinformation element includes a first index that indicates a desired datarate, wherein the first index is an index to a table of data rates onthe uplink communication channel; transmit the first information elementthat indicates the request via a protocol layer on the uplinkcommunication channel; receive, in response to the transmitting thefirst information element and from the network node, a secondinformation element that indicates the recommended data rate for thewireless device on the uplink communication channel, the secondinformation element being received via the protocol layer on a downlinkcommunication channel; extract a second index that indicates therecommended data rate from the second information element, wherein thesecond index is an index to the table of data rates on the uplinkcommunication channel; and determine the recommended data rate based onthe second index.
 51. The wireless device of claim 50, wherein theinstructions are such that the wireless device is operative to determinethe desired data rate for the wireless device on the uplinkcommunication channel.
 52. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein theinstructions are such that the wireless device is operative to generatethe first information element by: determining the first index thatindicates the desired data rate; and inserting the first index into thefirst information element.
 53. The wireless device of claim 50, whereinthe first information element is a medium access control (MAC) controlelement (CE).
 54. The wireless device of claim 50, wherein the firstinformation element includes an indication of an identity of a logicalchannel for which the recommended data rate applies.
 55. The wirelessdevice of claim 50, wherein the second information element is a mediumaccess control (MAC) control element (CE).
 56. The wireless device of50, wherein the second information element includes an indication of anidentity of a logical channel for which the recommended data rateapplies.
 57. The wireless device of claim 50, wherein one index in thetable indicates a release of a previous data rate recommendation on theuplink communication channel for the wireless device.
 58. The wirelessdevice of claim 50, wherein one index in the table indicates that nodata rate recommendation on the uplink or downlink communication channelfor the wireless device is available.
 59. The wireless device of claim50, wherein a plurality of consecutive indices in the table representslogarithmically-spaced data rates.
 60. The wireless device of claim 50,wherein the protocol layer is a medium access control (MAC) layer.
 61. Amethod, performed by a network node, for recommending a data rate on anuplink communication channel between the network node and a wirelessdevice in a wireless communications system, the method comprising:receiving, from the wireless device, a first information element thatindicates a request for the recommended data rate by the wireless deviceon the uplink communication channel, the first information element beingsent via the protocol layer on the uplink communication channel;extracting a first index that indicates a desired data rate from thefirst information element, wherein the first index is an index to atable of data rates on the uplink communication channel; determining thedesired data rate based on the first index; responsive to the receivingthe first information element, determining a recommended data rate forthe wireless device on the uplink communication channel based on thedesired data rate; generating a second information element thatindicates the recommended data rate; and transmitting, to the wirelessdevice, the second information element via the protocol layer on adownlink communication channel; wherein the generating the secondinformation element includes: determining a second index that indicatesthe recommended data rate, wherein the second index is an index to thetable of data rates on the uplink communication channel; and insertingthe second index into the second information element.
 62. A network nodefor recommending a data rate on an uplink communication channel betweenthe network node and a wireless device in a wireless communicationssystem, the network node comprising: processing circuitry; memorycontaining instructions executable by the processing circuitry wherebythe network node is operative to: receive, from the wireless device, afirst information element that indicates a request for the recommendeddata rate by the wireless device on the uplink communication channel,the first information element being sent via the protocol layer on theuplink communication channel; extract a first index that indicates adesired data rate from the first information element, wherein the firstindex is an index to a table of data rates on the uplink communicationchannel; determine the desired data rate based on the first index;responsive to the receiving the first information element, determine arecommended data rate for the wireless device on the uplinkcommunication channel based on the desired data rate; and generate asecond information element that indicates the recommended data rate,wherein the second information element is sent via a protocol layer on adownlink communication channel to the wireless device; wherein thegenerating the second information element includes: determining a secondindex that indicates the recommended data rate, wherein the second indexis an index to the table of data rates on the uplink communicationchannel; and inserting the second index into the second informationelement.